uni/slides/dhbw/02_css_extended.md

marp, theme, paginate, backgroundColor, header, footer

marp	theme	paginate	backgroundColor	header	footer
true	gaia	true		Web Engineering – DHBW Stuttgart	Michael Czechowski – SoSe 2026

<style> :root { --color-foreground: #1a1a2e; --color-highlight: #005f8a; --color-dimmed: #4a6a7a; } section.invert { --color-foreground: #fff; } section { font-size: 1.4rem; } h1 { color: #005f8a; } section.invert h1 { color: #fff; } pre { background: #0f1e2e; color: #00b4d8; border-radius: 8px; border-left: 3px solid #005f8a; } pre code { background: transparent; color: inherit; } code { background: #1a3a4a; color: #00b4d8; padding: 0.15em 0.4em; border-radius: 4px; } a { color: var(--color-highlight); } </style>

Web Engineering

DHBW Stuttgart · Informatik / Wirtschaftsinformatik

Sommersemester 2026 · Sitzung 2 — HTML & CSS (Frameworks)

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Inhalt

Aufbauend auf den Grundlagen aus Sitzung 1.

1. Attribut-Selektoren
2. Combinators (vertieft)
3. Pseudo-Klassen — erweitert
4. Shorthand Properties
5. Flexbox-Shorthands
6. Custom Properties (Variables)
7. CSS Functions (calc, clamp, ...)
8. Transition & Animation
9. CSS Frameworks (Tailwind & Co.)

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CSS: Extended

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CSS Selectors – Attribut-Selektoren

/* presence */
[disabled] { opacity: 0.5; }

/* exact value */
[type="email"] { border-color: blue; }

/* contains word */
[class~="btn"] { cursor: pointer; }

/* starts with */
[href^="https"] { color: green; }

/* ends with */
[src$=".png"] { border: 1px solid #ccc; }

/* contains substring */
[class*="icon"] { padding-left: 20px; }

---

CSS Combinators

/* Child (direkt) */
div > p { margin: 0; }

/* Descendant (Nachkomme) */
div p { margin: 0; }

/* Next Sibling */
h1 + p { font-size: 1.2em; }

/* Subsequent Sibling */
h1 ~ p { color: #666; }

/* Selector List */
h1, h2, h3 { font-weight: bold; }

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Pseudo Classes – Erweitert

/* Form States */
:valid { border-color: green; }
:invalid { border-color: red; }
:placeholder-shown { color: #999; }

/* Content */
:before { content: "→ "; }
:after { content: " [Wichtig]"; }
:first-letter { font-size: 2em; }
:first-line { font-weight: bold; }

/* NOT */
:not(.disabled) { pointer-events: auto; }
:not(:last-child) { border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc; }

---

Shorthand Properties

/* margin: top right bottom left */
margin: 10px 20px 10px 20px;

/* centering */
margin: 0 auto;

/* padding same */
padding: 20px;

/* border: width style color */
border: 1px solid #333;

/* background: color image position/size repeat */
background: #fff url(logo.png) 0 0 no-repeat;

/* font: style variant weight size/line-height family */
font: italic normal bold 16px/1.5 Arial, sans-serif;

---

Flexbox Shorthands

/* flex: grow shrink basis */
flex: 1 0 auto;

/* place-items: align-items justify-items */
place-items: center stretch;

/* place-content: align-content justify-content */
place-content: space-between center;

/* gap: row-gap column-gap */
gap: 20px 40px;

---

CSS Custom Properties (Variables)

:root {
  --primary-color: #005f8a;
  --spacing: 20px;
  --radius: 8px;
}

.button {
  background: var(--primary-color);
  padding: var(--spacing);
  border-radius: var(--radius);
}

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CSS Functions

/* calc */
width: calc(100% - 40px);

/* min/max/clamp */
width: min(100%, 600px);
font-size: clamp(14px, 2vw, 20px);

/* var with fallback */
color: var(--text-color, #333);

/* rgb/rgba/hsl/hsla */
color: hsl(200, 100%, 50%);
background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);

---

Transition & Animation

/* transition: property duration timing-function */
transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;
transition: background 0.2s, transform 0.1s;

/* animation */
@keyframes fadeIn {
  from { opacity: 0; }
  to { opacity: 1; }
}

.fade-in {
  animation: fadeIn 0.5s ease-out;
}

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CSS Frameworks

Framework	Stil
Bootstrap	Komponenten + Grid, opinionated
Tailwind CSS	Utility-First, atomar
Bulma	klassisch, ohne JS
shadcn/ui	kopierbare Komponenten (Tailwind-basiert)
Flowbite	Tailwind-Komponentenbib.

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Tailwind CSS – Beispiel

<button class="bg-blue-600 hover:bg-blue-700
               text-white font-semibold
               px-4 py-2 rounded-lg
               transition shadow-sm">
  Klick mich
</button>

• Keine eigenen CSS-Klassen mehr
• JIT-Compiler erzeugt nur genutzte Klassen
• Design-System via tailwind.config.js